PKey Report

PK	C4433
TITLE	Loutraki Kandilioro
WGS84	35.056908° N, 25.420754° E
Accuracy	Exact

LAT/LON	35.056908, 25.420754
LON/LAT	25.420754, 35.056908

DMS

35° 3' 24.8688" N

25° 25' 14.7144" E

W3W	prolong, link, interview
UTM	35 S, 355985, 3880494
EGSA87	629412, 3879988

Elevation m	900
Elevation feet	2952.8
Region	Crete
Subregion	Viannos

GENERAL SITE TYPE Settlement

TYPE

1. hab. Nowicki [2000], 137 'The ancient buildings, covered, however, only the flat crest of the ridge, ...'

2. settlement. Kanta [1980], 119 'Pendlebury refers to a refuge settlement here.'

3.    Settlement.   Nowicki [1996], 277    '...the dark age town...'

SITE SIZE

- Nowicki [1996]  p. 277,  Size: 20000 sq. m.  'The built-over area, determined on the basis of surface evidence, can be estimated as about 20,000 sq m, ...'

- Nowicki [2000]  p. 137,  Size: 20000 sq. m.  'The built-over area, ..., can be estimated as about 20,000 sq. m.'

PERIOD (High Chronology)

1. Early Minoan: (3100 BC - 2200 BC)

    a.    Nowicki [1996]: 277 '...do indeed date back to the EM/MM I period.'

    b.    Nowicki [2000]: 138 'Very eroded sherds, which can be only roughly dated to the EM - MM I periods, ...'

2. Middle Minoan I: (2100 BC - 1900 BC)

    a.    Nowicki [1996]: 277 '...do indeed date back to the EM/MM I period.'

    b.    Nowicki [2000]: 138 'Very eroded sherds, which can be only roughly dated to the EM - MM I periods, ...'

3. Late Minoan IIIC: (1200 BC - 1075 BC)

    a.    Nowicki [1996]: 277 '...in the list of the biggest defensible LM III C settlements in Lasithi, ...'

    b.    Nowicki [2000]: 137 'The material from Kandilioro ... from the LM IIIC - SM period, ...'

4. Protogeometric: (1100 BC - 900 BC)

    a.    Nowicki [2000]: 137 '...with only scarce evidence of the PG ...'

5. Subminoan: (1060 BC - 900 BC)

    a.    Nowicki [1996]: 275 '... represent the typical repertoire of the early Dark Age (LM III C - SM) pottery known ...'

    b.    Nowicki [2000]: 137 'The material from Kandilioro ... from the LM IIIC - SM period, ...'

6. Geometric: (900 BC - 700 BC)

    a.    Nowicki [2000]: 137 '...and perhaps G occupation ...'

NOTES

1. Pendlebury [1936] 197 is speaking here of the creation of refuge communities: "All over Crete the low-lying undefended sites are deserted and the population flies to the hills. Karphi in Lasithi is not the only site of this type. It may be higher, 4000 feet above sea level, but Vrokastro, Kavousi, Kourtais of excavated sites, are as high, comparatively, above the surrounding country and of unexcavated ones Kandilioro near Vianos, Kastri near Stavrokhori and Ellenika near Oreino are almost higher. Karphi is the most extensive site, ..."

2. See the excellent plan in Nowicki [1996] 278, Fig. 20.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Kanta [1980]: Kanta, Athanasia. The Late Minoan III Period in Crete; A Survey of Sites, Pottery and their Distribution. Paul Åströms Förlag, Göteborg. Sweden. 1980., '9. Kandilioro', pg. 119.

2. Nowicki [2000]: Nowicki, Krzysztof. Defensible Sites in Crete; c. 1200 - 800 B.C. (LM IIIB/IIIC through Early Geometric). Aegaeum (Annales d'archéologie égéenne de l'Université de Liège et UT-PASP), 21., '57. Loutraki Kandilioro', pg. 136.

3. Nowicki [1996]: Nowicki, Krzysztof. ‘Arvi Fortetsa and Loutraki Kandilioro: Two Refuge Settlements in Crete’, The Annual of the British School at Athens (91), pp. 253-285. 1996., 'Loutraki Kandilioro', pg. 275. Online here.

4. Pendlebury [1936]: Pendlebury, John D.. ‘Lasithi in Ancient Times’, The Annual of the British School at Athens (37) 194-200, 1936/1937., '', pg. 197. Online here.