Site details

Kalamata: Kastro

PK	C111
TITLE	Kalamata: Kastro
WGS84	37.045748° N, 22.117055° E
Accuracy	100 m.

LAT/LON	37.045748, 22.117055
LON/LAT	22.117055, 37.045748

DMS

37° 2' 44.6928" N

22° 7' 1.398" E

W3W	skater, pretty, loaders
UTM	34 S, 599333, 4100531
EGSA87	332406, 4101317

Elevation m	60
Elevation feet	196.9
Region	Messenia

GENERAL SITE TYPE Settlement

TYPE

1.    Acropolis.   Simpson and Hagel [2006], 57    ' ..., the Kastro, has been identified as the acropolis of Ancient Pherai.'
2.    Artifacts.   BSA [1957], 244
3.    Chamber Tomb.   Zavadil [2012], 409    '...fand R. Hope Simpson in den Frühen fünfziger Jahren drei bis fünf Kammergräber.'
4.    Fort.   Simpson and Dickinson [1979], 164    '...seems likely that the Kastro was the LH citadel, ...'
5.    hab.   AE [1911], 107
6.    Settlement.   Simpson and Hagel [2006], 57    'A substantial Mycenaean settlement is indicated, although more evidence is needed ... '
7.    Settlement.   Simpson [1981], 132    ' ..., it does seem that the Kastro was a Mycenaean citadel, ... '
8.    Settlement.   Messenia I, 251    ' ..., the contemporary habitation site must have been centered on the rugged and impressive acropolis.'
9.    Settlement.   Messenia III, 160    ' ..., the analogy of Mycenae would suggest that the Kastro was the royal citadel ... '
10.    Sherds.   Simpson and Hagel [2006], 57    'LH III and later sherds were found on the south slope of the Kastro ... '
11.    Sherds.   Messenia II, 237    ' ... there are a half-dozen bases and rims of LH III bowls and cups, one with tracess of red paint inside.'
12.    Sherds.   Simpson and Dickinson [1979], 164    'LH III and later sherds were found on the S slope of the Kastro hill, .. '

SITE SIZE

- Simpson [1981]  p. 132,  Size: 45000 sq. m.  ' ..., enclose an area about 300 m. northeast to southwest by 150 m.'

PERIOD (High Chronology)

1. Late Helladic: (1700 BC - 1050 BC)
    a.    Messenia II: 237, 'This evidence indicates conclusively that the Kalamata acropolis was a LH habitation site, in all probablility Homeric Pherai.'
    b.    Messenia III: 160, Implied.

2. LH III: (1410 BC - 1060 BC)
    a.    Simpson [1981]: 132, ..it does seem that the Kastro was a Mycenaean citadel, since LH III and later sherds were found ..
    b.    Zavadil [2012]: 409, 'Da am Abhang unterhalb einiger dieser Gräber SH III-Scherben sichtbar waren, nahm er eine chronologische Einordnung der Anlagen in mykenische Zeit an.'
    c.    Messenia II: 237, ' ... lH III bowls and cups, ... '
    d.    Simpson and Dickinson [1979]: 164, 'LH III and later sherds ... '
    e.    Simpson and Hagel [2006]: 57, 'LH III and later sherds were found ... '

3. LH IIIA: (1410 BC - 1315 BC)
    a.    BSA [1957]: 244,
    b.    Simpson and Dickinson [1979]: 164, 'LH III(A-B) G A C H'
    c.    AE [1911]: 107,
    d.    Messenia II: 237, 'One fragment of a large vessel in buff clay, ..., could be LH III A.'

4. LH IIIA2: (1375 BC - 1320 BC)
    a.    Simpson and Hagel [2006]: 57, ' ... LH III (A2-) B G A ... '

5. LH IIIB: (1320 BC - 1190 BC)
    a.    BSA [1957]: 244,
    b.    Simpson and Dickinson [1979]: 164, 'LH III(A-B) G A C H'
    c.    AE [1911]: 107,
    d.    Simpson and Hagel [2006]: 57, ' ... LH III (A2-) B G A ... '

6. Protogeometric: (1100 BC - 900 BC)
    a.    BSA [1957]: 244,

7. Geometric: (900 BC - 700 BC)
    a.    BSA [1957]: 244,
    b.    Simpson and Dickinson [1979]: 164, 'LH III(A-B) G A ... '
    c.    Simpson and Hagel [2006]: 57, ' ... LH III (A2-) B G A ... '

8. Archaic: (700 BC - 480 BC)
    a.    Simpson and Dickinson [1979]: 164, 'LH III(A-B) G A ... '
    b.    Simpson and Hagel [2006]: 57, ' ... LH III (A2-) B G A ... '

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. BSA [1957]: Annual of the British School at Athens, Athens, Greece. (52) 1957., '', pg. 244. Online here.

2. AE [1911]: Archaiologike Ephemeris, Athens, Greece. 1911, '', pg. 107.

3. Messenia I: McDonald, William A. and Richard Hope Simpson. ‘Prehistoric Habitation in Southwestern Peloponnese’, American Journal of Archaeology. Vol. 65, No. 3 (Jul., 1961), pp. 221-260., '79. Kastro (Kalamata)', pg. 251. Online here.

4. Messenia II: McDonald, William A. and Richard Hope Simpson. ‘Further Exploration in Southwestern Peloponnese: 1962-1963’, American Journal of Archaeology. Vol. 68, No. 3 (Jul., 1964), pp. 229-245., '79. Kastro (Kalamata)', pg. 237. Online here.

5. Messenia III: McDonald, William A. and Richard Hope Simpson. ‘Further Explorations in Southwestern Peloponnese: 1964-1968’, American Journal of Archaeology. Vol. 73, No. 2 (Apr., 1969), pp. 123-177., '79A. Tourles (Kalamata)', pg. 160. Online here.

6. Simpson and Hagel [2006]: Simpson, R. Hope and D.K. Hagel. Mycenaean Fortifications, Highways, Dams and Canals. SIMA vol. 133. Paul Åströms Förlag. Sävedalen, Sweden. 2006., '[Kalamata Kastro and Tourles ... ]', pg. 57.

7. Simpson [1981]: Simpson, Richard Hope. Mycenaean Greece. Park Ridge, New Jersey: Noyes Press, 1981., 'F 132 Kalamata: Kastro', pg. 132. Online here.

8. Simpson and Dickinson [1979]: Simpson, Richard Hope and O.T.P.K. Dickinson. A Gazetteer of Aegean Civilization in the Bronze Age, Vol. I: The Mainland and the Islands. Paul Åströms Förlag, Goteborg. 1979., 'D 142 Kalamata: Kastro', pg. 164. Online here.

9. Zavadil [2012]: Zavadil, Michaela. Monumenta: Studien zu mittel- und späthelladischen Gräbern in Messenien. Wien:Osterreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften Philosophisch-Historische Klasse Denkschriften. 2012., 'KALAMATA/TOURLES (EP. KALAMON)', pg. 409. Online here.