Site details

Kastri (Skandeia?)

PK	C1113
TITLE	Kastri (Skandeia?)
WGS84	36.221402° N, 23.058998° E
Accuracy	Exact

LAT/LON	36.221402, 23.058998
LON/LAT	23.058998, 36.221402

DMS

36° 13' 17.0472" N

23° 3' 32.3928" E

W3W	produce, indicate, sternum
UTM	34 S, 685065, 4010471
EGSA87	415277, 4008628

Elevation m	2
Elevation feet	6.6
Region	Kythera

GENERAL SITE TYPE Settlement

TYPE

1.    Artifacts.   Syriopoulos [1995], 1093
2.    Artifacts.   Coldstream and Huxley [1972], 201
3.    Pottery.   Benton [1931], 246    ' ... with cups like the H. Sophia sherd; L.M. II amphorae appear beneath a terrace wall. I found part of a M.M. II imitation stone bowl, Kamares sherds, and some hand-painted sherds with red and white intersecting lines, also some L.M. III pottery.'
4.    Settlement.   Simpson [1981], 110    '.. the Minoan settlement extended at least 250 m. north to south by 150 m., ...'
5.    Settlement.   Laconia II, 152    ' ... confirmed and amplified Miss Benton's results at Kastri, and established that occupation of the site was continuous from M.M. II to L.H./L.M. IIIB.'
6.    Settlement.   Simpson and Dickinson [1979], 121    ' ... the settlement of Kastri, ... '

SITE SIZE

- Simpson [1981]  p. 110,  Size: 37500 sq. m.  '..the Minoan settlement extended at least 250 m. north to south by 150 m., ...'

PERIOD (High Chronology)

1. EH I: (3100 BC - 2700 BC)
    a.    Simpson and Dickinson [1979]: 121, 'EH I-II ... '

2. EH II: (2700 BC - 2200 BC)
    a.    Simpson and Dickinson [1979]: 121, 'EH I-II ... '

3. Early Minoan II: (2650 BC - 2200 BC)
    a.    Simpson [1981]: 110, 'EH I-II EM II-LM IB LH IIIA2-B1 G ...'
    b.    Simpson and Dickinson [1979]: 121, ' ..., apparently founded by immigrants from Crete, within EM II.'

4. Middle Minoan: (2100 BC - 1675 BC)
    a.    Simpson and Dickinson [1979]: 121, ' ... EM II - LM IB ... '

5. Middle Minoan II: (1850 BC - 1750 BC)
    a.    Laconia II: 152, ' ... occupation of the site was continuous from M.M. II to L.H./L.M. IIIB.'
    b.    Benton [1931]: 246, 'I found part of a M.M. II imitation stone bowl, ... '

6. Middle Minoan III: (1750 BC - 1675 BC)
    a.    Laconia II: 152, ' ... there is clearly a thick M.M. III - L.M. I level at about 3 metres below the present surface.'

7. Late Minoan I: (1675 BC - 1470 BC)
    a.    Laconia II: 152, ' ... there is clearly a thick M.M. III - L.M. I level at about 3 metres below the present surface.'
    b.    Benton [1931]: 246, 'One large rock-cut tomb I was able to identify as L.M. I.'

8. Late Minoan IA: (1675 BC - 1625 BC)
    a.    Simpson and Dickinson [1979]: 121, ' ... EM II - LM IB ... '

9. Late Helladic II: (1635 BC - 1410 BC)
    a.    Laconia II: 152, 'On the top are L.H./L.M. II - III sherds, ... '

10. Late Minoan IB: (1625 BC - 1470 BC)
    a.    Simpson [1981]: 110, 'EH I-II EM II-LM IB LH IIIA2-B1 G ...', 'The town was abandoned late in the LM IB period, ... ''
    b.    Simpson and Dickinson [1979]: 121, 'The town was abandoned in late LM IB, ... ', ' ... (two LH IIB fragments are almost certainly contemporary with late LM IB); ... '

11. LH IIB: (1470 BC - 1410 BC)
    a.    Simpson and Dickinson [1979]: 121, ' ... (two LH IIB fragments are almost certainly contemporary with late LM IB); ... '

12. Late Minoan II: (1470 BC - 1420 BC)
    a.    Laconia II: 152, 'On the top are L.H./L.M. II - III sherds, ... '
    b.    Benton [1931]: 246, ' ...; L.M. II amphorae ... '

13. Late Minoan III: (1420 BC - 1075 BC)
    a.    Laconia II: 152, 'On the top are L.H./L.M. II - III sherds, ... '
    b.    Benton [1931]: 246, ' ..., also some L.M. III pottery.'

14. LH III: (1410 BC - 1060 BC)
    a.    Laconia II: 152, 'On the top are L.H./L.M. II - III sherds, ... '

15. LH IIIA: (1410 BC - 1315 BC)
    a.    Syriopoulos [1995]: 1093,
    b.    Coldstream and Huxley [1972]: 201,

16. LH IIIA2: (1375 BC - 1320 BC)
    a.    Simpson [1981]: 111, ' ...; and it does not seem to have been reoccupied until LH IIIA2.'
    b.    Simpson and Dickinson [1979]: 121, 'The town ... does not seem to have been reoccupied until LH IIIA2 ... '

17. Late Minoan IIIB: (1330 BC - 1200 BC)
    a.    Laconia II: 152, ' ... occupation of the site was continuous from M.M. II to L.H./L.M. IIIB.'

18. LH IIIB: (1320 BC - 1190 BC)
    a.    Laconia II: 152, ' ... occupation of the site was continuous from M.M. II to L.H./L.M. IIIB.'
    b.    Syriopoulos [1995]: 1093,
    c.    Coldstream and Huxley [1972]: 201,
    d.    Simpson [1981]: 111, 'Apparently it did not survive up to the end of LH IIIB, ... '
    e.    Simpson and Dickinson [1979]: 121, ' ...; it did not survive until the end of LH IIIB, ... '

19. LH IIIB1: (1320 BC - 1250 BC)
    a.    Simpson and Dickinson [1979]: 121, ' ... LH IIIA2 - B(1) ... '

20. Protogeometric: (1100 BC - 900 BC)
    a.    Coldstream and Huxley [1972]: 201,

21. Geometric: (900 BC - 700 BC)
    a.    Coldstream and Huxley [1972]: 201,
    b.    Simpson [1981]: 111, ' ..., and was not occupied again until the Geometric period.'
    c.    Simpson and Dickinson [1979]: 121, ' ..., and scanty G sherds, ... '

22. Archaic: (700 BC - 480 BC)
    a.    Simpson and Dickinson [1979]: 121, ... G A ... '

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Benton [1931]: Benton, Sylvia. ‘The Ionian Islands’, The Annual of the British School at Athens, (32), pp. 213-246, 1931/32., '11. Kythera', pg. 245. Online here.

2. Coldstream and Huxley [1972]: Coldstream, J.N. and G.L. Huxley. Kythera - excavations and studies / conducted by the University of Pennsylvania Museum and the British School at Athens. London, Faber. [1972]., '', pg. 201.

3. Simpson [1981]: Simpson, Richard Hope. Mycenaean Greece. Park Ridge, New Jersey: Noyes Press, 1981., 'E 53 Kythera: Kastri (Kythera)(Ancient Skandeia?)', pg. 110. Online here.

4. Simpson and Dickinson [1979]: Simpson, Richard Hope and O.T.P.K. Dickinson. A Gazetteer of Aegean Civilization in the Bronze Age, Vol. I: The Mainland and the Islands. Paul Åströms Förlag, Goteborg. 1979., 'C 50 Kythera: Kastri', pg. 121. Online here.

5. Syriopoulos [1995]: Syriopoulos, Konstantinos. Γενικος Συνοπτικος Καταλογος Των Περιεχομενων και των Δυο Τομων: Δευτερος Τομος. Athens: Athens Archaeological Society. 1995., '', pg. 1093.

6. Laconia II: Waterhouse, Helen and R. Hope Simpson. ‘Prehistoric Laconia: Part II’, The Annual of the British School at Athens, Vol. 56, pp. 114-175, 1961, 'Kastri and Palaiopolis', pg. 152. Online here.