Site details

Lefkandi: Xeropolis

PK	C1229
TITLE	Lefkandi: Xeropolis
WGS84	38.40971° N, 23.681658° E
Accuracy	Exact

LAT/LON	38.40971, 23.681658
LON/LAT	23.681658, 38.40971

DMS

38° 24' 34.956" N

23° 40' 53.9688" E

W3W	whoops, suppertime, stilts
UTM	34 S, 734146, 4254680
EGSA87	472058, 4251035

Elevation m	14
Elevation feet	45.9
Region	Euboea

GENERAL SITE TYPE Settlement

TYPE

1.    Artifacts.   Ålin [1962], 127    'Späthelladische Scherben und andere Funde sind sonst auf Euböa aus den folgenden Platzen zu verzeichnen: ..., Keropoli, ... '
2.    Building.   AR[1965], 10    'Disjointed sections of walling belonging to a house were recovered, ... '
3.    hab.   Simpson [1981], 55    'The most important remains on the site are the thick LH IIIC deposits, representing three major phases.'
4.    Settlement.   Phialon [2011], 51
5.    Settlement.   Dickinson [1970], 535    'This was probably an important site, to judge from its size.'
6.    Settlement.   AR[1964], 18    'These tests revealed a considerable town of LH IIIC date, which covered practically the whole of the hill ...'
7.    Settlement.   Sackett et al. [1966], 60    'This is a large and strategically placed town site, ...'
8.    Sherds.   Simpson [1965], 165    'LH surface sherds were recorded here by Theochares, ... '
9.    Tomb.   AD[1993], 195

SITE SIZE

- ed rhc  p. ,  Size: 171000 sq. m.  Area estimated from Google Earth

- Sackett et al. [1966]  p. 60,  Size: 90000 sq. m.  '...with steep profile and flat surface c. 600 x 150 m. in area.'

PERIOD (High Chronology)

1. EH: (3100 BC - 2000 BC)
    a.    Sackett et al. [1966]: 61, '...indicates a sequence of occupation from E.H. to Geometric, ...'
    b.    Simpson [1965]: 165, 'EH MH LH PG'
    c.    AR[1965]: 12, ' ... and nearly a metre of EH resting on the rock.'
    d.    Phialon [2011]: 51, 'La tranchée CC comprende quatre phases d'occupation HM, dont la plus ancienne (phase 3) débute à l'HA.'

2. EH II: (2700 BC - 2200 BC)
    a.    Simpson [1981]: 55, 'N EH II(-III?) MH LH I-IIIC SMyc PG G C'

3. EH III: (2200 BC - 2000 BC)
    a.    Simpson [1981]: 55, 'N EH II(-III?) MH LH I-IIIC SMyc PG G C'
    b.    Dickinson [1970]: 535, 'It was inhabited continuously from a period equivalent to EH III.'

4. Middle Helladic: (2000 BC - 1600 BC)
    a.    Simpson [1981]: 55, 'N EH II(-III?) MH LH I-IIIC SMyc PG G C'
    b.    Sackett et al. [1966]: 61, '...indicates a sequence of occupation from E.H. to Geometric, including L.H. IIIC and Protogeometric.'
    c.    AR[1964]: 18, '...; the stratum below was, to judge from the sherds found in it, of MH date.'
    d.    Simpson [1965]: 165, 'EH MH LH PG'
    e.    AR[1965]: 12, ' ..., a further metre of MH ... '
    f.    Phialon [2011]: 51, 'La céramique HM est attestée au sud-est, au nord-ouest, ainsi qu'au sud-ouest de son plateau sommital.', 'Les vestiges architecturaux ont ete en usage au debut et au cours de l'HM.'

5. Middle Helladic III: (1775 BC - 1700 BC)
    a.    AR[1965]: 12, ' ..., nearly a metre of MH III ...'

6. Late Helladic: (1700 BC - 1050 BC)
    a.    Sackett et al. [1966]: 61, '..., including L.H. IIIC and Protogeometric.'
    b.    Ålin [1962]: 127, 'Späthelladische ... '
    c.    Simpson [1965]: 165, 'EH MH LH PG'
    d.    Phialon [2011]: 51, 'Leur première phase de construction pourrait remonter à l'HM/HR.'

7. Late Helladic I: (1700 BC - 1635 BC)
    a.    Simpson [1981]: 55, 'N EH II(-III?) MH LH I-IIIC SMyc PG G C'
    b.    AR[1965]: 12, ' ..., nearly a metre of MH III possibly continuing into LH I, ... '
    c.    Phialon [2011]: 51, ' .... des vestiges de bâtiment et reste occupée jusqu'à l'HR I, ... '

8. Late Helladic II: (1635 BC - 1410 BC)
    a.    Simpson [1981]: 55, 'N EH II(-III?) MH LH I-IIIC SMyc PG G C'
    b.    AR[1965]: 12, ' ... 1.50 m. (deposition layers, RHC) of LH II and ... '
    c.    Phialon [2011]: 51, 'Les murs ont probablement été en usage de l'HR I-II à l'HR III C1a.'

9. LH IIIA: (1410 BC - 1315 BC)
    a.    Simpson [1981]: 55, 'N EH II(-III?) MH LH I-IIIC SMyc PG G C'
    b.    AR[1965]: 12, ' ... 1.50 m. (deposition layers, RHC) of LH II and IIIA, ... '

10. LH IIIB: (1320 BC - 1190 BC)
    a.    Simpson [1981]: 55, 'N EH II(-III?) MH LH I-IIIC SMyc PG G C'
    b.    AD[1993]: 195,

11. LH IIIC: (1190 BC - 1060 BC)
    a.    Simpson [1981]: 55, 'N EH II(-III?) MH LH I-IIIC SMyc PG G C'
    b.    AD[1993]: 195,
    c.    Sackett et al. [1966]: 61, '..., including L.H. IIIC and Protogeometric.'
    d.    AR[1964]: 17, Multiple examples of LH IIIC finds. 'All of this building activity appeared to have taken place within the LH IIIC period; ...'
    e.    Sackett et al. [1966]: 61, '..., including L.H. IIIC and Protogeometric.'
    f.    AR[1965]: 12, ' ... several LH IIIC burials', 'a deposit of smashed LH IIIC vases', ' ... two superimposed LH IIIC destruction deposits.', ' ... with typical IIIC vases, ... '

12. LH IIIC1: (1190 BC - 1130 BC)
    a.    Phialon [2011]: 51, 'Les murs ont probablement été en usage de l'HR I-II à l'HR III C1a.'

13. Protogeometric: (1100 BC - 900 BC)
    a.    AD[1993]: 195,
    b.    Sackett et al. [1966]: 61, '...and Protogeometric.'
    c.    Simpson [1965]: 165, 'EH MH LH PG'

14. Geometric: (900 BC - 700 BC)
    a.    Sackett et al. [1966]: 61, '...indicates a sequence of occupation from E.H. to Geometric, ...'

NOTES

1.  For a map of Lefkandi: east sector see Catherine Morgan, 'The Work of the British School at Athens', 2012-2013, fig. 5 in Archaeological Reports (59) pg. 4 here.

2.  More in Donald A. Davidson, Clare A. Wilson, Irene S. Lemos, S.P. Theocharopoulos, 'Tell formation processes as indicated from geoarchaeological and geochemical investigations at Xeropolis, Euboea, Greece', Journal of Archaeological Science, (37:7) pp. 1564-1571. 2010. An abstract is here.

3.  A survey of activity at the site is published here.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. AR[1965]: Archaeological Reports, The Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies. (12) 1965-6., 'Lefkandi', pg. 10. Online here.

2. AD[1993]: Archaiologikon Deltion, Athens, Greece, v. 48, '', pg. 195.

3. AR[1964]: Archaeological Reports. The Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies. (11) 1964-1965., 'Euboea - Lefkandi', pg. 16. Online here.

4. Ålin [1962]: Ålin, Per. Das Ende der mykenischen Fundstätten auf dem griechischen Festland. Carl Bloms Boktryckeri A.-B., Lund, 1962., '', pg. 127.

5. Dickinson [1970]: Dickinson, O.T.P.K.. The Origins and Development of Early Mycenaean Culture; Volume 2. Thesis submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Oxford 1970 , '21. Lefkandi', pg. 535. Online here.

6. Phialon [2011]: Phialon, Laetitia. L'Émergence de la Civilisation Mycénienne en Grèce Centrale. Peeters, Leuven - Liege. Belgium. 2011., 'I.2.2.18. Lefkandi-Xeropolis ... Eubée', pg. 51.

7. Sackett et al. [1966]: Sackett, L.H., and V. Hankey, R.J. Howell, T.W. Jacobsen, M.R. Popham. ‘Prehistoric Euboea: Contributions toward a Survey’, The Annual of the British School at Athens, 61, pp. 33-112, [1966], '48. Lefkandi: Xeropolis', pg. 60. Online here.

8. Simpson [1965]: Simpson, R. Hope. A Gazetteer and Atlas of Mycenaean Sites. London, Institute of Classical Studies, 1965., ''554 Xeropoli or Lefkandhi (near Vasilikon)'', pg. 165.

9. Simpson [1981]: Simpson, Richard Hope. Mycenaean Greece. Park Ridge, New Jersey: Noyes Press, 1981., 'B 67 Lefkandi: Xeropolis', pg. 55. Online here.