Assiros Toumba
| PK | C1639 |
| TITLE | Assiros Toumba |
| WGS84 | 40.802635° N, 23.019985° E |
| Accuracy | Exact |
| LAT/LON | 40.802635, 23.019985 |
| LON/LAT | 23.019985, 40.802635 |
| DMS | 40° 48' 9.486" N | , | 23° 1' 11.946" E |
| W3W | glum, span, thrilling |
| UTM | 34 T, 670394.8, 4518811.25 |
| EGSA87 | 417184, 4517024 |
| Elevation m | 151 |
| Elevation feet | 495.4 |
| Region | Macedonia |
GENERAL SITE TYPE Sherds
TYPE
1. Buildings. AR[1975], 19 'Most walls were constructed of neatly-coursed mud-bricks interlaced with substantial oak posts ... '2. Pottery. AR[1976], 44 ' ... and locally-made Mycenaean pottery, ... '
3. Pottery. Mazarakis-Ainian ed. [2015], ' ... signs of contact with southern Greece, (Mycenaean and then PG pottery), ... '
4. Pottery. Aslaksen [2013], 108 ' ..., the presence of large quantities of Mycenaean pottery, and before that a few Minyan sherds ... '
5. Settlement. Leekley and Noyes [1975], 78 'The site was occupied c. 2000 B.C. and the first settlement was surrounded by a clay bank, ... '
6. Settlement. AR[1975], 19 ' ... a first season of excavation at the prehistoric settlement mound of Assiros Toumba, ... '
7. Settlement. AR[1976], 44 'The continuity of the settlement is shown by the persistence of the local Macedonian pottery and by the reuse of earlier walls as foundations ... '
8. Settlement. Mazarakis-Ainian ed. [2015], 'Type: Settlement', 'At Assiros the settlement covers the LBA and EIA period.'
9. Sherds. Simpson [1981], 181 '...contained many fragments of Mycenaean pottery, some imported, but most of local Macedonian manufacture.'
SITE SIZE
- Aslaksen [2013] p. 108, Size: 7700 sq. m. 'Assiros is 110x70m, and has a maximum settlement surface of 7700m2, ... '
- Mazarakis-Ainian ed. [2015] p. , Size: 2800 sq. m. 'By the beginning of the IA the area available on the summit of the mound was reduced to some 70x40m. and ... '
PERIOD (High Chronology)
1. Early Bronze Age: (3200 BC - 2100 BC)
a. Mazarakis-Ainian ed. [2015]: , 'The settlement at Assiros Toumba was first established around 2000 BC ... '
2. Middle Bronze Age: (2100 BC - 1550 BC)
a. Simpson [1981]: 181, 'MB LB LH IIIB-C "PG"'
b. Leekley and Noyes [1975]: 78, 'The site was occupied c. 2000 B.C. ... '
3. Middle Helladic: (2000 BC - 1600 BC)
a. Leekley and Noyes [1975]: 78, ' ... dated by a local imitation of a Late MH Grey Minyan goblet.'
4. Late Helladic: (1700 BC - 1050 BC)
a. AR[1975]: 19, 'In an adjacent area a Late Mycenaean cup ... '
b. AR[1976]: 44, ' ... as well as a Mycenaean cup.'
c. Aslaksen [2013]: 108, ' ..., the presence of large quantities of Mycenaean pottery, and before that a few Minyan sherds ... '
5. Late Bronze Age: (1570 BC - 1200 BC)
a. Simpson [1981]: 181, 'MB LB LH IIIB-C "PG"'
b. Leekley and Noyes [1975]: 78, 'Three Late Bronze Age strata were revealed covering the period 1300 - 1100 B.C., ... '
c. AR[1975]: 20, ' ... was a typical LBA brown-burnished bowl with large splaying handles ... '
d. Mazarakis-Ainian ed. [2015]: , 'Overall Phases of Use: From LBA to EA'
6. LH IIIA: (1410 BC - 1315 BC)
a. Leekley and Noyes [1975]: 78, 'Remains of a later stone defensive wall (c. 1400 B.C.) ... '
7. LH IIIA2: (1375 BC - 1320 BC)
a. Leekley and Noyes [1975]: 78, 'Both imported LH III A2 or IIIB pottery and locally made imitations were found.'
b. Aslaksen [2013]: 108, 'The first Mycenaean pottery arrived by 1400-1350 BC attested by Late Helladic III A2 and Late Helladic III B sherds ... '
8. LH IIIB: (1320 BC - 1190 BC)
a. Simpson [1981]: 181, 'MB LB LH IIIB-C "PG"'
b. Leekley and Noyes [1975]: 78, 'Both imported LH III A2 or IIIB pottery and locally made imitations were found.'
c. Aslaksen [2013]: 108, 'The first Mycenaean pottery arrived by 1400-1350 BC attested by Late Helladic III A2 and Late Helladic III B sherds ... '
9. Iron Age: (1200 BC - 535 BC)
a. AR[1976]: 44, ' ... were found vessels of Iron Age type ... '
10. Early Iron Age: (1200 BC - 960 BC)
a. AR[1975]: , 'The majority of the structures distinguished in 1975 belong to the Early Iron Age and may be dated ... between 1050 and 900 B.C.'
b. AR[1975]: 20, ' ... and a jar of EIA type were found on the same floor.'
11. LH IIIC: (1190 BC - 1060 BC)
a. Simpson [1981]: 181, 'MB LB LH IIIB-C "PG"'
b. Aslaksen [2013]: 110, 'In some instances both the yards and the rooms had pithoi and scattered sherds including those from Mycenaean Late Helladic III C pots ... '
12. Protogeometric: (1100 BC - 900 BC)
a. Aslaksen [2013]: 111, 'Phase 4 (1050-1000 in conventional dates and 1100-1080 cal.BC) follows the same settlement plan as phase 5, yet in terms of pottery, there was now a transition from Sub-Mycenaean to Proto-Geometric; .... '
b. Mazarakis-Ainian ed. [2015]: , 'Chronological Period: From PG to EA'
13. Sub Mycenaean: (1060 BC - 1000 BC)
a. Aslaksen [2013]: 111, 'Phase 4 (1050-1000 in conventional dates and 1100-1080 cal.BC) follows the same settlement plan as phase 5, yet in terms of pottery, there was now a transition from Sub-Mycenaean to Proto-Geometric; .... '
14. Geometric: (900 BC - 700 BC)
a. Mazarakis-Ainian ed. [2015]: , 'Chronological Period: From PG to EA'
15. Early Archaic: (700 BC - 600 BC)
a. Mazarakis-Ainian ed. [2015]: , 'Chronological Period: From PG to EA'
NOTES
1. Additional: K.A. Wardle et al., 'Excavations at Assiros, 1975-9: A Settlement Site in Central Macedonia and Its Significance for the Prehistory of South-East Europe', The Annual of the British School at Athens (75), pp. 229-267. 1980. It is online here.
2. The relevant Aristeia Project page is here
3. The Mycenaean Atlas Project would like to thank Dr. Stratos Nanoglou of the University of Thessalonika for making available a copy of French [1967] which would have been otherwise difficult to obtain.
rhc
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. AR[1975]: Archaeological Reports, The Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies. (22) 1975-1976., 'Assiros.', pg. 19.
Online here.
2. AR[1977]: Archaeological Reports, The Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies. (24) 1977., '', pg. 44.
Online here.
3. Aslaksen [2013]: Aslaksen, Ole Christian . Global and local in Late Bronze Age Central Macedonia; Economy, mobility and identity. Gotarc Series B. Archaeological Theses 61, University of Gothenburg; Department of Historical Studies, Sweden, '7.4.1 Assiros' Settlement History', pg. 109.
Online here.
4. French [1967]: French, D.H.. Index of Prehistoric Sites in Central Macedonia and Catalogue of Sherd Material in The University of Thessaloniki. Athens, 'Assiros Toumba (Giouvesne) L 6', pg. 6.
5. Leekley and Noyes [1975]: Leekley, Dorothy and Robert Noyes. Archaeological Excavations in the Greek Islands. Noyes Press, Park Ridge, New Jersey. 1975, 'Assiros (Thessaloniki)', pg. 78.
6. Mazarakis-Ainian ed. [2015]: Mazarakis Ainian, Alexander . Η Κοινωνική Αρχαιολογία του Ελληνικού Κόσμου κατά την Πρώιμη Εποχή του Σιδήρου και την Πρώιμη Αρχαϊκή περίοδο (The Aristeia Project: The Social Archeology of the Greek World during the Early Iron Age and the Early Archaic period), 'Assiros Toumba', Online here.
7. Simpson [1981]: Simpson, Richard Hope. Mycenaean Greece. Park Ridge, New Jersey: Noyes Press, 1981., 'L 31 Assiros Toumba', pg. 181.
DH French, CM No. L 6
Online here.