Site details

Kavousi: Vronda

PK	C2641
TITLE	Kavousi: Vronda
WGS84	35.110104° N, 25.858053° E
Accuracy	Exact

LAT/LON	35.110104, 25.858053
LON/LAT	25.858053, 35.110104

DMS

35° 6' 36.3744" N

25° 51' 28.9908" E

W3W	residual, blips, differently
UTM	35 S, 395933, 3885850
EGSA87	669185, 3886544

Elevation m	416
Elevation feet	1364.8
Region	Crete
Subregion	Ierapetra

GENERAL SITE TYPE Settlement

TYPE

1.    Artifacts.   Mazarakis-Ainian [1997], 209    ' ... stone kernos ... ', 'Boyd mentions the discovery of certain objects of iron, including a complete sword. Building B on the other hand yielded a considerable amount of material: pottery of fine quality, many drinking vessels, storage vessels etc.'
2.    Buildings.   Mazarakis-Ainian [1997], 208    'Excavations have revealed five edifices, consisting of one to three or more rooms; ... '
3.    hab.   Boyd [1901], 131    'Earliest in date are a house and a necropolis of small tholos-tombs on "Thunder Hill" ...'
4.    hab.   AR[1994], 66    'On Vronda, the consolidation and conservation of buildings A/B, E, G (the shrine), H, I-O-N, and L were completed.'
5.    Pottery.   Prent [2005], 152    'The excavators call attention to the relatively large numbers of storage and drinking vessels in Rooms B1-7.'
6.    Pottery.   Mazarakis-Ainian [1997], 209    ' ... the presence of fine pottery suggest that Building A served as the residence of the leader of the small community and Building B as his storerooms.'
7.    Settlement.   Prent [2005], 151    'The LM IIIC settlement that crowned its summit ... ', ' ... consisted of 15 to 20 buildings of different sizes, ... '
8.    Settlement.   Nowicki [2000], 97    '...the ruins of a Dark Age settlement...'
9.    Settlement.   Mazarakis-Ainian [1997], 208    'A small settlement occupies the summit ... '

SITE SIZE

- Nowicki [2000]  p. 98,  Size: 2400 sq. m.  Or more: '... 60 by 40 m.'

PERIOD (High Chronology)

1. Early Minoan II: (2650 BC - 2200 BC)
    a.    Nowicki [2000]: 98, '...(EM II and MM)...'

2. Early Minoan IIB: (2450 BC - 2200 BC)
    a.    AR[1994]: 66, '...; EM IIB-EM III (deposits below building E); ...'

3. Early Minoan III: (2200 BC - 2100 BC)
    a.    AR[1994]: 66, '...; EM IIB-EM III (deposits below building E); ...'

4. Middle Minoan: (2100 BC - 1675 BC)
    a.    Nowicki [2000]: 98, '...(EM II and MM)...'

5. Middle Minoan II: (1850 BC - 1750 BC)
    a.    Nowicki [2000]: 97, '..., MM II, ...'
    b.    AR[1994]: 66, '...; MMII (deposits all over the summit and slopes indicate extensive habitation in this period ); ...'

6. Late Minoan IIIC: (1200 BC - 1075 BC)
    a.    Nowicki [2000]: 98, '...in the LM IIIC ruins, ...'
    b.    AR[1994]: 66, '...; LM IIIC (the majority of buildings belong to this period); ...'
    c.    Prent [2005]: 151, 'The LM IIIC settlement that crowned its summit ... ', 'The main phase of habitation at Vronda is assigned by the excavators to the 'late LM IIIC period''
    d.    Mazarakis-Ainian [1997]: 208, 'The settlement was presumably abandoned at the end of the LM IIIC period ... '

7. Protogeometric: (1100 BC - 900 BC)
    a.    Mazarakis-Ainian [1997]: 208, ' ... (with the exception of Building E which continued to be used during the SMIN and PG periods) ... '

8. Subminoan: (1060 BC - 900 BC)
    a.    AR[1994]: 66, '...; SM-PG (building E continued in use); ...'

9. Sub Mycenaean: (1060 BC - 1000 BC)
    a.    Boyd [1901]: 136, 'All indications justify us in assigning the house and tombs on Thunder Hill to the sub-Mycenaean epoch, transitional between the Bronze Age and the Iron Age.'
    b.    Mazarakis-Ainian [1997]: 208, ' ... (with the exception of Building E which continued to be used during the SMIN and PG periods) ... '

10. Middle Protogeometric: (1000 BC - 950 BC)
    a.    Mazarakis-Ainian [1997]: 209, 'The date of the pottery ... ranges from the LM IIIC to the MPG periods.'

11. Geometric: (900 BC - 700 BC)
    a.    Nowicki [2000]: 98, 'The abandoned and probably partly ruined settlement was reused in the G-EO period...'

NOTES

1. See Prent [2005] Plate 10 for a ground plan of the Vronda site.

2. A plan of the settlment at Vronda is in Mazarakis-Ainian [1997], fig. 434 and Building A in fig. 435.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. AR[1994]: Archaeological Reports, The Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies. (41) 1994., 'Kavousi', pg. 66. Online here.

2. Boyd [1901]: Boyd, Harriet A.. ‘Excavations at Kavousi, Crete, in 1900’, American Journal of Archaeology (5:2), pp. 125-157, 1901., '', pg. 131. Online here.

3. Mazarakis-Ainian [1997]: Mazarakis Ainian, Alexander. From Ruler's Dwellings to Temples; Architecture, Religion and Society in Early Iron Age Greece (1100-700 B.C.). Paul Åströms Förlag. Jonsered, Sweden. 1997., 'The ridge called Vronda ... ', pg. 208.

4. Nowicki [2000]: Nowicki, Krzysztof. Defensible Sites in Crete; c. 1200 - 800 B.C. (LM IIIB/IIIC through Early Geometric). Aegaeum (Annales d'archéologie égéenne de l'Université de Liège et UT-PASP), 21., '30. Kavousi Vronda', pg. 97.

5. Prent [2005]: Prent, Mieke. Cretan Sanctuaries and Cults; Continuity and Change from Late Minoan IIIC to the Archaic Period. Brill, 2005, 'A.20-22 Vronda;', pg. 151. Online here.