Vrokastro
| PK | C2644 |
| TITLE | Vrokastro |
| WGS84 | 35.120039° N, 25.744813° E |
| Accuracy | Exact |
| LAT/LON | 35.120039, 25.744813 |
| LON/LAT | 25.744813, 35.120039 |
| DMS | 35° 7' 12.1404" N | , | 25° 44' 41.3268" E |
| W3W | herb, receptions, belfry |
| UTM | 35 S, 385627, 3887076 |
| EGSA87 | 658844, 3887459 |
| Elevation m | 285 |
| Elevation feet | 935 |
| Region | Crete |
| Subregion | Ierapetra |
GENERAL SITE TYPE hab
TYPE
1. Grave. Eaby [2007], 45 'In the upper settlement, burials of children were found below the floors of two houses.'2. hab. Nowicki [2000], 107 'During the period in which the settlement flourished it may have covered an area of 15,000-18,000 sq. m.'
3. Tomb. Hall [1914], 112 'In the lower level of this room but unassociated with Minoan sherds was a child-burial in a jar. It was found in the southwest corner and belongs doubtless to the geometric period.'
SITE SIZE
- Nowicki [2000] p. 107, Size: 18000 sq. m. 'During the period in which the settlement flourished it may have covered an area of 15,000 - 18,000 sq. m.'
PERIOD (High Chronology)
1. Early Minoan: (3100 BC - 2200 BC)
a. Nowicki [2000]: 109, 'EM?'
2. Middle Minoan II: (1850 BC - 1750 BC)
a. Nowicki [2000]: 109, 'The peak of Vrokastro was occupied earlier in the MM II period ...'
3. Late Minoan IIIB: (1330 BC - 1200 BC)
a. Nowicki [2000]: 108, 'The earliest material, showing a mixture of early LM IIIC and late IIIB features...'
4. Late Minoan IIIC: (1200 BC - 1075 BC)
a. Nowicki [2000]: 108, '...early to middle LM IIIC.'
b. Kanta [2003]: 179, The defensive settlement of Vrokastro had a long habitation in the Early iron Age but its beginnings started in early LM III C. ...
5. Protogeometric: (1100 BC - 900 BC)
a. Nowicki [2000]: 108, '...growth of the site by the PG period...'
6. Subminoan: (1060 BC - 900 BC)
a. Eaby [2007]: 46, 'Hall dates these burials to the Geometric period, though SM is also a possible date.'
7. Geometric: (900 BC - 700 BC)
a. Nowicki [2000]: 108, '...the later PG-G town...'
b. Eaby [2007]: 46, 'Hall dates these burials to the Geometric period, though SM is also a possible date.'
c. Hall [1914]: 112, '... and belongs doubtless to the geometric period.'
NOTES
1. For Hall see Edith Hall Dohan, Excavations in Eastern Crete; Vrokastro. In-house child burials mentioned on, for example, p. 112.
2. See this Aristeia page for more information about the Vrokastro settlement area.
rhc
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Deger-Jalkotzy and Zavadil [2006]: Deger-Jalkotzy, Sigrid and Michaela Zavadil (eds.). LH III C Chronology And Synchronisms II; LH III C Middle. Proceedings of the International Workshop held at the Austrian Academy of Sciences at Vienna, October 29th and 30th, 2004., '',
2. Hall [1914]: Dohan, Edith Hall. Excavations in Eastern Crete; Vrokastro. University of Pennsylvania; The Museum Anthropological Publications, III, 3. Philadelphia. 1914., '7.', pg. 112.
Hall's descriptions of in-house child burials described passim.
Online here.
3. Eaby [2007]: Eaby, Melissa Suzanne. Mortuary Variability in Early Iron Age Cretan Burials. Dissertation for Ph.D. submitted to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina. 2007., 'G. Vrokastro Summit', pg. 45.
Online here.
4. Kanta [2003]: Kanta, Athanasia. ‘The Citadel of Kastrokephala and the Date of the Minoan Refuge Citadels’, In Deger-Jalkotzy and Zavadil [2006] 167-182, '', Online here.
5. Nowicki [2000]: Nowicki, Krzysztof. Defensible Sites in Crete; c. 1200 - 800 B.C. (LM IIIB/IIIC through Early Geometric). Aegaeum (Annales d'archéologie égéenne de l'Université de Liège et UT-PASP), 21., '39. Istron Vrokastro', pg. 107.