Galatas
| PK | C5333 |
| TITLE | Galatas |
| WGS84 | 35.174442° N, 25.245812° E |
| Accuracy | Exact |
| LAT/LON | 35.174442, 25.245812 |
| LON/LAT | 25.245812, 35.174442 |
| DMS | 35° 10' 27.9912" N | , | 25° 14' 44.9232" E |
| W3W | aggregates, validation, lightning |
| UTM | 35 S, 340259, 3893797 |
| EGSA87 | 613295, 3892810 |
| Elevation m | 417 |
| Elevation feet | 1368.1 |
| Region | Crete |
| Subregion | Pedhiadha |
GENERAL SITE TYPE Palace
TYPE
1. hab. AR[2009], 1862. hab. AR[2005], 107 '...the establishment of a palace at Galatas ...'
3. hab. Panagiotakis [2003], 390 'Habitat ...'
4. Palace. AR[2004], 110 'Excavation was conducted along the E side of the ... N wing of the palace ...'
5. Palace. AR[2011], 69 'The palace, ...'
6. Palace. BCH[2003], 1610 'Aile Nord du palais.'
7. Palace. Rethemiotakis and Christakis [2011], 'An extensive urban center, organized around a monumental Palace, was built in MM IIIA ... '
8. Palace. Langohr [2009], 71 'Un complexe palatial à cour centrale a été fouillé ... '
9. Pottery. Rethemiotakis and Christakis [2011], Ceramic assemblage discussed in detail from 209 ff.
10. Settlement. AR[1997], 112 '...this large settlement...'
11. Settlement. AR[2002], 78 '...the excavation of buildings and open spaces at the NW side of the site...'
12. Settlement. Rethemiotakis and Christakis [2011], 205 'The Bronze Age settlement of Galatas is located on a low hill, Galatiani Kephala, in the southwestern part of the Pediada plain, ... '
SITE SIZE
- AR[2011] p. 69, Size: 6000 sq. m. 'The palace, 0.6ha in area, ...'
PERIOD (High Chronology)
1. Early Minoan: (3100 BC - 2200 BC)
a. BCH[2003]: 1610, '...; dans les cavités du rocher on a recueilli de la céramique MA.'
2. Early Minoan I: (3100 BC - 2650 BC)
a. Rethemiotakis and Christakis [2011]: 205, 'This setting appears to have been a determining factor in the selection of the site for settlement in the EM I-EM IIA period.'
3. Early Minoan IIA: (2650 BC - 2450 BC)
a. Rethemiotakis and Christakis [2011]: 205, 'This setting appears to have been a determining factor in the selection of the site for settlement in the EM I-EM IIA period.'
4. Early Minoan III: (2200 BC - 2100 BC)
a. Rethemiotakis and Christakis [2011]: 207, 'The presence of EM III-MM IA pottery within the MM IB deposits of the Protopalatial building ... '
5. Middle Minoan IA: (2100 BC - 1900 BC)
a. Rethemiotakis and Christakis [2011]: 207, 'The presence of EM III-MM IA pottery within the MM IB deposits of the Protopalatial building ... '
6. Middle Minoan IB: (1900 BC - 1850 BC)
a. AR[2002]: 80, 'A trench ... exposed the corner of a room ... and a small hearth in the joint of the wall (MM IB).'
b. AR[2011]: 69, 'Surrounding the palace were six structures constructed between MMIB and LMIIIA2-B, ...'
c. Rethemiotakis and Christakis [2011]: 208, 'Building remains from the early Protopalatial period (MM IB) have been identiied on many parts of the hill, ... '
7. Middle Minoan IIIA: (1750 BC - 1700 BC)
a. AR[1997]: 112, 'It was built in MM IIIA, ...', 'Painted plaster was also found in MM IIIA levels, ...'
b. AR[2011]: 69, 'The palace, ..., was constructed in MMIIIA, ...'
c. AR[2005]: 107, '...Neopalatial...'
d. BCH[2003]: 1610, '...: la pièce 69 était fondée sur une pièce du MM IIIA - ...'
e. Rethemiotakis and Christakis [2011]: 208, 'An extensive urban center, organized around a monumental Palace was built in MM IIIA ... '
8. Middle Minoan IIIB: (1700 BC - 1675 BC)
a. AR[1997]: 112, '...entirely rebuilt at the MM IIIB/LM IA transition.'
b. AR[2009]: 186, 'Much MMIIIB pottery was unearthed ...;'
c. AR[2002]: 78, 'Underneath, we found a rich MM IIIB/LM IA deposit, ...'
d. AR[2011]: 69, '..., undergoing a period of destruction and rebuilding by MMIIIB ...'
e. AR[2005]: 107, '...Neopalatial...'
f. BCH[2003]: 1610, '...; dans la pièce 71 on a recueilli de nombreux vases MM IIIB ...'
g. Rethemiotakis and Christakis [2011]: 208, 'Rebuilding activities started late in MM IIIA or early in MM IIIB, ... '
9. Late Minoan IA: (1675 BC - 1625 BC)
a. AR[1997]: 112, 'In LM IA, the original occupants appear to have been replace by 'squatters' ...'
b. AR[2009]: 186, 'Room 44, ..., produced LMIA pottery; ...', 'Broadly, the ceramics are LMIA in date, ...'
c. AR[2002]: 78, 'Underneath, we found a rich MM IIIB/LM IA deposit, ...', '...along with the upper part of a MM IIIB/LM IA 'snake tube'.'
d. AR[2011]: 69, '...and gradually falling into disrepair before its final destruction in LMIA.'
e. Rethemiotakis and Christakis [2011]: 208, 'The complex was finally destroyed by a strong earthquake in the LM IA period.'
f. Rethemiotakis and Christakis [2011]: 208, 'Unlike the Palace, the settlement also continued in existence after LM IA.'
10. Late Minoan IB: (1625 BC - 1470 BC)
a. AR[2004]: 110, '...building 2 has two phases, the first dating to LM IB ...', '...pottery with characteristic LM IB decoration, ...'
b. AR[2002]: 78, '...in B2, was probably used as a staircase in the LM IB building.'
c. BCH[2003]: 1610, '... : le premier du MR IB, ...'
d. Rethemiotakis and Christakis [2011]: 208, 'Two large buildings, House 2 and Building 3/5 at the northwest side of the Palace, provide invaluable information for the activities of the wealthy sector of the local community during LM IB.','The town was destroyed at the end of LM IB. '
11. Late Minoan III: (1420 BC - 1075 BC)
a. Panagiotakis [2003]: 390, 'MM I-II, MM III-MR I, MR II, MR III, ?, V'
12. Late Minoan IIIA2: (1390 BC - 1330 BC)
a. AR[2004]: 110, '...and the second to LM IIIA2-B.', 'In LM IIIA2 the central section of the building was re-built...'
b. AR[2011]: 69, 'Surrounding the palace were six structures constructed between MMIB and LMIIIA2-B, ...'
c. BCH[2003]: 1610, '..., le second du MR IIIA2-B.'
d. Langohr [2009]: 71, '... une phase d'occupation MR IIIA2-IIIB ...', 'Des kylix et un grand pithos font partie du matériel MR IIIA2-IIIB retrouvé à Galatas Kephala ... '
e. Rethemiotakis and Christakis [2011]: 208, 'An early LM IIIA2-B building (Building 4), only partially preserved, was built in the northern part of the West Court ... '
13. Late Minoan IIIB: (1330 BC - 1200 BC)
a. AR[2004]: 110, '...and the second to LM IIIA2-B.'
b. BCH[2003]: 1610, '..., le second du MR IIIA2-B.'
c. Langohr [2009]: 71, '... une phase d'occupation MR IIIA2-IIIB ...', 'Des kylix et un grand pithos font partie du matériel MR IIIA2-IIIB retrouvé à Galatas Kephala ... '
d. Rethemiotakis and Christakis [2011]: 208, 'An early LM IIIA2-B building (Building 4), only partially preserved, was built in the northern part of the West Court ... '
NOTES
1. From AR[2005], 107: 'The Neopalatial period marks a dramatic change in the settlement of our region. The number of sites increases sharply. Several Neopalatial sites are relatively large in size, i.e. over 100m in l. Neopalatial sites also can be seen to vary in function: some are agricultural farmsteads, but others seem to have specialized functions, namely, quarries, storage centres industrial sites and fortified watchtowers ('pyrgoi').'
2. The reader will find excellent maps of Galatas in Rethemiotakis and Christakis [2011]. Fig. 1 on p. 206 shows the entire hill-top while Fig. 2 on p. 207 is a fine ground-plan of the palace.
3. Some rough measurements in Google Earth suggest that the entire settled area was greater than 100,000 sq. m. (>10 ha). Cf. the map in Galatas and Christakis [2011] 206, Fig. 1.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. AR[1997]: Archaeological Reports, The Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies. (44) 1997., 'Galatas, Pediada', pg. 112.
Online here.
2. AR[2004]: Archaeological Reports, The Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies. (51) 2004., 'Galatas.', pg. 110.
Online here.
3. AR[2009]: Archaeological Reports, The Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies. (56) 2009., 'Galatas.', pg. 186.
Online here.
4. AR[2002]: Archaeological Reports, The Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies. (49) 2002., 'Galatas.', pg. 78.
Online here.
5. AR[2011]: Archaeological Reports, The Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies. (58) 2011., '', pg. 69.
At the para. starting 'S. Mantilaki (23rd EPCA) reports ... '
Online here.
6. AR[2005]: Archaeological Reports, The Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies. (52) 2005., 'Galatas Survey Project', pg. 107.
Online here.
7. BCH[2003]: Bulletin de correspondance hellénique. Volume 127. 2003., 'Galatas Pediados', pg. 1610.
Online here.
8. Brogan and Hallager [2011]: Brogan, Thomas M. and Erik Hallager. LM IB Pottery; Relative Chronology and Regional Differences. Monographs of the Danish Institute at Athens Volume 11, 1, '',
9. Langohr [2009]: Langohr, Charlotte. PERIPHEREIA: Étude régionale de la Crète aux Minoen Récent II-IIIB (1450-1200 av. J.-C.) 1 | La Crète centrale et occidentale, Presses Universitaires de Louvain, Belgium, 2009., '2.1.16. Galatas; habitat', pg. 71.
Online here.
10. Panagiotakis [2003]: Panagiotakis, Nikos. ‘L'évolution archéologique de la Pédiada (Crète centrale) : premier bilan d'une prospection’, Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique (127:2), 327-430. 2003., '22. Galatas Galatas Kephala', pg. 390.
Online here.
11. Rethemiotakis and Christakis [2011]: Rethemiotakis, Giorgos and Kostis S. Christakis. ‘LM I pottery groups from the Palace and the town of Galatas, Pediada’, In Brogan and Hallager [2011] 205-227, 'LM I pottery groups from the Palace and the town of Galatas, Pediada', pg. 205.
Online here.