Site details

Lithosoros (Chalia)

PK	C808
TITLE	Lithosoros (Chalia)
WGS84	38.479848° N, 23.515949° E
Accuracy	Exact

LAT/LON	38.479848, 23.515949
LON/LAT	23.515949, 38.479848

DMS

38° 28' 47.4528" N

23° 30' 57.4164" E

W3W	intensively, candy, tapped
UTM	34 S, 719463, 4262057
EGSA87	457631, 4258881

Elevation m	16
Elevation feet	52.5
Region	Boeotia

GENERAL SITE TYPE Hab

TYPE

1.    Artifacts.   AD[1915],     n. 55-6
2.    Artifacts.   AA [1914], 122
3.    hab.   Farinetti [2011 AI14], 22
4.    Mound.   Simpson and Dickinson [1979], 253    'A smaller mound lies c. 250 m. to SE, at the end of the ridge.','The small mound-like knoll at the NW end of the ridge ... '
5.    Settlement.   Phialon [2011],     ' ... témoignent d'une longue occupation mycénienne.'
6.    Settlement.   Ålin [1962], 123    'Aus der unpublizierten Ausgrabung eines Siedlungshügels von Papadakis ... '
7.    Settlement.   Simpson [1981], 73    ' ... measures only about 95 m. northwest to southeast by 50 m.'
8.    Sherds.   Simpson and Dickinson [1979], 253    ' ...; surface sherds in the BSA collection include late LH IIIB, ... '
9.    Tomb.   Farinetti [2011 AI14], 22
10.    Tumulus.   Fimmen [1921], 6    ' ..., sog. Tymbos des Salganeus, Ansiedlungstumulus.'

SITE SIZE

- Farinetti [2011 AI14]  p. 22,  Size: 9600 sq. m.  My (RHC) estimate based on Google Earth.

- Simpson and Dickinson [1979]  p. 253,  Size: 4750 sq. m.  ' ... measures only c. 95 m. NW-SE by 50 m.'

PERIOD (High Chronology)

1. EH: (3100 BC - 2000 BC)
    a.    Farinetti [2011 AI14]: 22, Component TA_120
    b.    Simpson [1981]: 73, ' In the recent trial excavations ... the Early Helladic remains were the most prominent.', ' ... EH I-III ...'
    c.    Phialon [2011]: 50, 'Des murs et des sols HA et HM ont été découverts ... '
    d.    Simpson and Dickinson [1979]: 253, 'In the recent test excavations ... EH remains were the most prominent, and a destruction at the end of EH is reported.'

2. Middle Helladic: (2000 BC - 1600 BC)
    a.    Farinetti [2011 AI14]: 22, Component TA_120
    b.    Farinetti [2011 AI14]: 22, Component TA_123, '... possibly MH rather than LH, see also Touloupa's excavation in 1978'
    c.    Simpson [1981]: 73, ' ... Middle Helladic and Mycenaean surface sherds were found here in 1959.'
    d.    Phialon [2011]: 50, 'Des murs et des sols HA et HM ont été découverts ... '

3. Late Helladic: (1700 BC - 1050 BC)
    a.    Farinetti [2011 AI14]: 22, Components TA_122
    b.    Ålin [1962]: 123, ' ... mykenische Scherben ... '
    c.    Fimmen [1921]: 6, 'Mykenische Scherben magaziniert in Athen. Nat.-Mus.'
    d.    Simpson [1981]: 73, ' ... Middle Helladic and Mycenaean surface sherds were found here in 1959.'

4. Late Helladic I: (1700 BC - 1635 BC)
    a.    Phialon [2011]: 50, ' ..., deux phases de construction HM ... La plus récent était peut-être encore occupée à l'HR I, ... '

5. LH IIA: (1635 BC - 1470 BC)
    a.    Phialon [2011]: 50, 'Le sol de l'HR II A ..., '

6. LH IIIA: (1410 BC - 1315 BC)
    a.    AD[1915]: , n. 55-6

7. LH IIIB: (1320 BC - 1190 BC)
    a.    AD[1915]: , n. 55-6
    b.    Simpson [1981]: 73, 'The site was abandoned at the end of the LH IIIB period or ... '
    c.    Phialon [2011]: 50, ' ..., les vestiges architecturaux de l'HR III B, ... '
    d.    Simpson and Dickinson [1979]: 253, ' ...; surface sherds in the BSA collection include late LH IIIB, ... '

8. LH IIIC: (1190 BC - 1060 BC)
    a.    Simpson [1981]: 73, ' ... or in the early part of the LH IIIC period.'
    b.    Phialon [2011]: 50, ' ..., ainsi que les tessons HR III C ... '

NOTES

1.  Farinetti provides a helpful bibliography at FAI14, p. 22, '57. Lithosoros: Components TA_119 to TA_125'.

2.  According to Ålin [1962] 123 these sherds are in the National Museum in Athens.

3.  The story of Salganeus may be found in Strabo, Geography, ix, 9.

4.  In Simpson and Dickinson [1979] 253 'G 44 ... ': 'It is almost certainly the "Tomb of Salganeus" mentioned by Pausanias as being on the way to Anthedon.'

5.  For more see

Robert Buck [1979], A History of Boeotia, University of Alberta Press, 21.
Hansen and Nielsen [2004], An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis, Oxford University Press, s.v. 'Salganeus'.
Bakhuizen, S.C. Salganeus and the Fortifications on its Mountains. Groningen, [1970]
The Bakhuizen book was reviewed by John Fossey in Mnemosyne (4th Ser., vol. 27) pp. 103-105 which is online here.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. AD[1915]: Archaiologikon Deltion, Athens, Greece., '', n. 55-6

2. AA [1914]: Archaeologischer Anzeiger, Berlin. 1914, '', pg. 122.

3. Ålin [1962]: Ålin, Per. Das Ende der mykenischen Fundstätten auf dem griechischen Festland. Carl Bloms Boktryckeri A.-B., Lund, 1962., 'Chalia.', pg. 123.

4. Farinetti [2011 AI14]: Farinetti, Emeri. Boeotian Landscapes; A GIS-based study ... Appendix I.14; The Tanagra plain and Eastern Boeotia. British Archaeological Reports, no. 2195. 2011., '57. Lithosoros: Components TA_119 to TA_125', pg. 22. Specifically components TA_120, TA_121, TA_122, and TA_123

5. Fimmen [1921]: Fimmen, Dietrich. Die Kretisch-Mykenische Kultur. Verlag und Druck von B.G. Teubner, Leipzig und Berlin. 1921., 'Chalia', pg. 6. Online here.

6. Phialon [2011]: Phialon, Laetitia. L'Émergence de la Civilisation Mycénienne en Grèce Centrale. Peeters, Leuven - Liege. Belgium. 2011., 'I.2.2.16. Drosia-Lithosoros ... Eubée (partie continentale)', pg. 50.

7. Simpson [1981]: Simpson, Richard Hope. Mycenaean Greece. Park Ridge, New Jersey: Noyes Press, 1981., 'C 33 Drosia (formerly Chalia): Soros', pg. 73. Online here.

8. Simpson and Dickinson [1979]: Simpson, Richard Hope and O.T.P.K. Dickinson. A Gazetteer of Aegean Civilization in the Bronze Age, Vol. I: The Mainland and the Islands. Paul Åströms Förlag, Goteborg. 1979., 'G 44 Drosia (Formerly Chalia): Soros', pg. 253. Online here.