Vapheio: Tholos
| PK | C990 |
| TITLE | Vapheio: Tholos |
| WGS84 | 37.02024° N, 22.467744° E |
| Accuracy | Exact |
| LAT/LON | 37.02024, 22.467744 |
| LON/LAT | 22.467744, 37.02024 |
| DMS | 37° 1' 12.864" N | , | 22° 28' 3.8784" E |
| W3W | undergraduate, fluttering, plaiting |
| UTM | 34 S, 630563, 4098125 |
| EGSA87 | 363548, 4097927 |
| Elevation m | 199 |
| Elevation feet | 652.9 |
| Region | Laconia |
GENERAL SITE TYPE Tholos
TYPE
1. Artifacts. Banou and Hitchcock [2009], 1 'Fourteen seal stones, two silver pins, four gold plates - two in the form of a fish - two gold buttons, one bronze pin, two gold rings, twenty two gold beads, a wide array of beads and adornments in semi-precious stones and gold, fragments of ivory, pieces of three or four stone vases, and a few pieces of plain clay vases ... '2. Artifacts. Simpson and Dickinson [1979], 109 ' ...; further fine jewellery and remains of other goods were found scattered about the chamber-floor, ... '
3. Pottery. Simpson and Dickinson [1979], 109 'Remains of "palatial" LH IIA jars have been found in the dromos, ... '
4. Tholos. Banou [1996], 32 '...das Tholosgrab von Vapheio ...'
5. Tholos. Simpson [1981], 101 'The famous tholos tomb was dug into the top of the hill adjacent on the northwest. It was large and well constructed.'
6. Tholos. Banou and Hitchcock [2009], 1 'In 1888 Christos Tsountas excavated an important tholos tomb at Vapheio, one of the very few known tholos tombs and the only one thoroughly excavated so far in Laconia ... '
7. Tholos. Simpson and Dickinson [1979], 109 'The Vaphio Tholos Tomb'
8. Tholos. Pelon [1976], 183 'La tholos de Vaphio est située au lieu-dit Palaiopyrgi, sur le sommet d'une colline de direction générale Nord-Sud, à proximité immédiate d'un habitat d'importance considérable ...'
9. Tholos. Ålin [1962], 93 'Auf einem der beiden Gipfel des Hügels liegt das von Tsountas 1889 ausgegrabene Tholosgrabe von Vaphio.'
PERIOD (High Chronology)
1. Late Minoan I: (1675 BC - 1470 BC)
a. Banou and Hitchcock [2009]: 3, ' ... executed in the highest artistic style of the time, that of LMI "Prince style", ... '
2. Late Helladic II: (1635 BC - 1410 BC)
a. Ålin [1962]: 93, 'Die Scherben von Palaststilvasen datieren das Grab in SH II, nach welcher Periode es anscheinend nicht mehr verwendet wurde.'
b. Banou [1996]: 34, '...im SH II-IIIA - in der Zeit der Datierung des Grabes ...'
c. Banou and Hitchcock [2009]: 6, ' ..., thus indicating the fusion of both religious and political power in one and the same person in the LHII period.'
3. LH IIA: (1635 BC - 1470 BC)
a. Simpson [1981]: 101, '... remains of "palatial" LH IIA jars were found in the dromos.'
b. Pelon [1976]: 185, 'est datée par Furumark de l'HR IIA.'
c. Simpson and Dickinson [1979]: 109, 'Remains of "palatial" LH IIA jars have been found in the dromos...'
4. LH IIB: (1470 BC - 1410 BC)
a. Banou and Hitchcock [2009]: 18, ' ..., at least in the transition from the LHIIA to the LHIIB period, ... '
5. LH IIIA: (1410 BC - 1315 BC)
a. Banou [1996]: 34, '...im SH II-IIIA - in der Zeit der Datierung des Grabes ...'
6. LH IIIA1: (1410 BC - 1375 BC)
a. Simpson [1981]: 101, '... other sherds in the chamber include one apparently LH IIIA1.'
b. Simpson and Dickinson [1979]: 109, '...(sherd, RHC) looks LH IIIA1...'
c. Banou and Hitchcock [2009]: 6, 'The Vapheio tholos is dated to the LH II - IIIA1 period based on vase fragments left in the dromos, probably by grave robbers, ... '
NOTES
1. Simpson and Dickinson, 1979, p. 109: 'There is no evidence for late Mycenaean use of the tomb.' Additional bibliography: BSA 69 (1974), p. 219, n. 23 for a discussion on dating of some of the tomb material.
2. See the fine photographs in Banou and Hitchcock [2009].
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Ålin [1962]: Ålin, Per. Das Ende der mykenischen Fundstätten auf dem griechischen Festland. Carl Bloms Boktryckeri A.-B., Lund, 1962., 'Palaiopyrgi', pg. 93.
2. Banou [1996]: Banou, Emilia. Beitrag zum Studium Lakoniens in der mykenischen Zeit. Albert-Ludwigs-Universität zu Freiburg. 1996, 'Vapheio: Tholosgrab', pg. 32.
3. Banou and Hitchcock [2009]: Banou, Emilia and Louise Hitchcock. ‘'The 'Lord of Vapheio': The Social Identity of the Dead and its Implications for Laconia in the Late Helladic II - IIIa Period'’, In Cavanagh et al. [2009], pp. 1-23., 'The Lord of Vapheio: a chief or a king?', pg. 1.
Online here.
4. Cavanagh et al. [2009]: Cavanagh, Helen with William Cavanagh and James Roy. Honouring the Dead in the Peloponnese; Proceedings of the conference held at Sparta 23-25 April 2009. University of Nottingham, Centre for Spartan and Peloponnesian Studies; Online Publication 2; prepared by Sam Farnham, '',
5. Pelon [1976]: Pelon, Olivier. Tholoi, tumuli et cercles funéraires; Recherches sur les monuments funéraires de plan circulaire dan l'Égée de l’Âge du Bronze (IIIe at IIe millénaires av. J.-C). Bibliothèques de l'École française d'Athènes et de Rome - Série Athènes, 229. 1976., '8. Vaphio', pg. 183.
Online here.
6. Simpson [1981]: Simpson, Richard Hope. Mycenaean Greece. Park Ridge, New Jersey: Noyes Press, 1981., 'E 4 Vaphio: Palaiopyrgi', pg. 101.
Online here.
7. Simpson and Dickinson [1979]: Simpson, Richard Hope and O.T.P.K. Dickinson. A Gazetteer of Aegean Civilization in the Bronze Age, Vol. I: The Mainland and the Islands. Paul Åströms Förlag, Goteborg. 1979., 'C 4 Vaphio: Palaiopyrgi', pg. 109.
Online here.